4/8/2023 0 Comments Animals that hiss![]() The purpose of this study was to present the acoustic structure of the hiss and snort calls of wild-living giraffes. Calls of wild-living giraffes have never been recorded previously. Giraffe snorts were reported as an illustrative spectrogram and a wave-file based on recordings made in captivity using automate recording systems acoustic analyses of these calls were not provided. Giraffe snorts were verbally reported as short plosive grunts, being produced through the widened nostrils while the animal was standing and scanning one particular spot or direction as a reaction to a potentially threatening irritation or immediately after a dominant giraffe bull had chased off an inferior bull. Giraffe hisses were verbally reported as nasal calls emitted in the context of approach investigation. Among reported audible and infrasonic (14 Hz) vocalizations, only presence of audible call types (snort, burst, grunt and humm) was confirmed by recent studies of captive giraffes. In mammals, vigilance-related vocalizations are best studied for group-living rodents, primates and carnivores, and have been reported for fourteen species of ruminants, including giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis. These acoustic cues to the degree of urgency and arousal can be used for avoiding danger by conspecifics or heterospecifics. The acoustic structure of these vocalizations may encode behavioural context and type of predator as well as the degree of negative emotional arousal of the caller and thus the threat urgency. Vocalizations attend vigilance behaviour in many animal taxa. Giraffe snorts differ from snorts of other ruminants by their prominent pulsed pattern. The acoustic structure of giraffe hisses is reminiscent of vigilance-related hisses of musk deer Moschus moschiferus. The giraffe snorts were broadband pulsed calls of an average duration of 0.28 s (from 0.13 to 0.55 s), a peak frequency at 0.20 kHz and comprised a prominent low-frequency pulsation of 23.7 pulses/s. The giraffe hisses were broadband vocalizations of an average duration of 0.72 s (from 0.24 to 1.04 s) and a peak frequency of 0.69 kHz. This study provides spectrographic analyses of 22 hiss and 20 snort calls. These calls attended vigilance behaviour toward humans in hides or in vehicles and cheetahs as natural predators of giraffe young. The hiss and snort calls were emitted during five recording sessions produced by nine individual giraffes (8 adults and 1 subadult) in their natural environment in Namibia (3 individuals) and Kenya (6 individuals). This study reports the acoustic structure of vigilance-related hiss and snort calls of wild-living giraffes Giraffa camelopardalis. Calls of wild-living giraffes have never been recorded and spectrographically investigated. Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Vocalization as part of vigilance behaviour is widespread across animal taxa, including ruminants.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today. ![]() Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find. ![]()
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